What type of exchanges occur between the Government and offerors after proposals are received, leading to the establishment of the competitive range?

In the context of establishing the competitive range after receiving proposals from offerors, the correct type of exchanges are defined as "discussions." These discussions are essential for identifying which offers are within a competitive range and may be further considered for award.

Discussions involve detailed conversations where the government can communicate with offerors to understand their proposals deeper, clarify any ambiguities, and assess the feasibility of their offerings. These exchanges allow for adjustments and improvements to proposals based on the feedback received, ultimately helping ensure that the most qualified and capable contractors are considered for the award.

While communications and clarifications can occur during the proposal process, they do not involve the level of detail or intent to modify proposals that discussions do. Negotiations imply a more formal process of bargaining and can occur later in the contracting process but are not the primary means of establishing the competitive range from proposals. Therefore, the nature of discussions as a strategic dialogue sets them apart and makes them the correct answer in this situation.